The 7.5-magnitude quake, centered in the state of Oaxaca, caused buildings to sway in Mexico City, but there were no immediate reports of serious damage.
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At least one person in Mexico was killed in the earthquake, but so far there have been few reports of injury or serious damage.
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The powerful quake, centered near the Pacific Coast in Oaxaca, was felt hundreds of miles away.
A strong earthquake shook southern Mexico on Tuesday, killing at least one person, causing buildings to shake hundreds of miles away and prompting residents to flee homes and offices to seek safety on the streets under open sky.
The earthquake’s magnitude was 7.5, according to Mexico’s national seismological service, and it was centered in the Pacific Ocean, about 14 miles off the coast, south of Crucecita, a beach town in the southern state of Oaxaca that has been popular with tourists. It struck at 10:29 a.m. local time.
The U.S. Geological Survey, however, estimated the magnitude at 7.4, and placed the epicenter about 12 miles inland; it is not unusual for preliminary measurements to vary.
Another quake, estimated by the U.S.G.S. at 4.9 magnitude, struck the same region Monday night. By early afternoon on Tuesday, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador said, there had been 147 aftershocks to the larger quake, and officials warned that more were expected.
At least one person was killed, but damage was minimal.
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Government officials said that at least one person in Oaxaca had died, possibly two, but news of casualties remained sketchy.
In a Twitter video, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador was shown speaking by phone with David León, Mexico’s national coordinator of civil protection, and saying that one person had died and another had been injured.
“Fortunately there was no major damage,” the president said, a phone pressed to his ear as he relayed information from Mr. León. “Collapses, some broken glass, signage fell, walls, but nothing serious.”
He urged everyone to remain attentive to further seismic warnings and to stay calm. “I hope and I wish with all my soul that there will be no more damaging aftershocks,” he said.
The area closest to the epicenter is largely rural, and the nearest sizable city is Oaxaca, the state capital, more than 90 miles away.
Buildings swayed in Mexico City, more than 300 miles to the northwest, but local news reports showed little damage beyond debris that had fallen away from some building facades. The mayor of Mexico City, Claudia Sheinbaum, said neither the city’s security command center nor officials conducting overflights of the municipality had reported any “serious” impacts from the earthquake.
Flora Pedro Mora, the administrator of Mansiones Cruz del Mar, a condo-hotel complex near Crucecita, described the earthquake as “horrible.”
“It was like one of those movies,” she said, audibly shuddering.
But she added that, apart from some roof tiles that were knocked loose and fell to the ground, the property suffered no serious damage. Though some hotels and resort properties in the area, commonly known as Huatulco, had begun to reopen in the past week after an extended shutdown in response to the pandemic, Mansiones Cruz del Mar was still closed to guests.
The state oil company, Petróleos Mexicanos, reported that the earthquake caused the temporary shutdown of its refinery in the port city of Salina Cruz, and that a fire there was quickly put out.
The quake put people on the lookout for a possible tsunami.
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The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said there was a “potential threat” of a tsunami along the coasts of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, but withdrew the advisory a few hours later.
The agency’s ocean buoys recorded small seismic waves after the quake — too small to have much noticeable affect.
Powerful offshore earthquakes can trigger devastating tsunamis like the ones that hit Fukushima, Japan in 2011, and Aceh, the Indonesian province, in 2004. But it is difficult to predict which quakes will cause such destructive waves.
Oaxaca State has been devastated by earthquakes before.
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In 2017, at least 90 people were killed after an earthquake with a magnitude of 8.2 struck offshore in the middle of the night, mostly affecting the states of Oaxaca and Chiapas. That earthquake did generate a tsunami.
Aftershocks continued for days as volunteers in Juchitán, a provincial city of 100,000, clawed through mounds of debris left by collapsed buildings, searching for survivors.
Weeks later, a separate quake near Mexico City killed at least 248 people, including children who were buried beneath a collapsed school.
Many Mexicans have grown accustomed to earthquakes, taking them as an immutable fact of life. The country is situated near the colliding boundaries of several sections of the earth’s crust.
In 1985, a devastating earthquake killed as many as 10,000 people in Mexico City. After the disaster, construction codes were reviewed and stiffened. Today, Mexico’s construction laws are considered as strict as those in the United States or Japan.
The earthquake in 2017, the most powerful quake in Mexico in a century, occurred near the Middle America Trench, a zone in the eastern Pacific where one slab of the earth’s crust, called the Cocos Plate, is sliding under another, the North American, in a process called subduction.
Subduction releases vast amounts of energy and, if the slip occurs under the ocean, can move a lot of water suddenly. Subduction zones, which ring the Pacific Ocean, cause the world’s largest earthquakes and most devastating tsunamis.
Elda Cantú contributed reporting from Mexico City.
