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The post Scientists inch closer to blood test to detect early stage cancer appeared first on Virus Reports.
]]>Scientists are edging closer to developing blood tests that could detect early stage cancer, before patients show any symptoms of the disease.
One such test, called PanSeer, can potentially spot five types of cancers up to four years earlier than current diagnostic methods, according to a study published Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications.
The test works by detecting tiny bits of DNA that tumor cells release into the bloodstream. Researchers have been working on this type of DNA sequencing application for years, and the development brings the industry a step closer to using a blood test to diagnose cancer before it progresses into advanced stages, which are more difficult to treat.
“We’re turning the proof of concept stage into a commercial product that is robust, inexpensive and can be deployed in clinics,” said study co-author Kun Zhang, department chair of bioengineering at the University of California, San Diego, who co-founded Singlera Genomics, the company that designed PanSeer. At this point, however, the test is still years away from being used by doctors.
Dr. Eric Klein, a urologist at the Taussig Cancer Institute at Cleveland Clinic, called the findings “another validation, adding to the several other studies that have been published, that cancers do release bits of DNA into the bloodstream that can be detected at low levels.”
“The four-year prediction was incredible,” Klein, who was not involved with the research, added.
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In the study, Zhang and his team retroactively analyzed blood samples taken from 605 asymptomatic people, 191 of whom were later diagnosed with colorectal, esophageal, liver, lung or stomach cancer using standard diagnostic methods, to see if they could detect the tiny fragments of DNA that would indicate cancer.
The researchers also tested PanSeer’s accuracy on plasma samples taken from 223 cancer patients, as well as 200 tumor and healthy tissue samples. They determined that the test could detect cancer DNA in the blood of asymptomatic patients with 95 percent sensitivity, spotting signs of cancer as much as four years earlier than current screening methods typically would. (The higher the sensitivity, the lower the likelihood of false negatives.)
However, the test is unable to distinguish which of the five types of cancer a patient has, based on the DNA fragments, meaning additional tests would be needed to determine the specific cancer type.
Zhang believes the technology is one clinical trial away from being approved for use in patients, but that means that a blood test that detects early stage cancer is still years away from being used in doctors’ offices. Even when it is, the tests likely will not replace current screening methods for certain cancers, including mammograms, colonoscopies and Pap tests, anytime soon.
“At least initially, blood tests will not displace the need for routine screening tests that are currently recommended by physicians. They may eventually surpass current tests, but not right away,” Klein said. “We also have to be careful that patients do not think that because they have had a negative test, that they have zero risk for cancer.”
Where the tests could be particularly useful is in diagnosing certain types of cancer that are currently difficult to screen for, including stomach and liver cancer.
“Every screening tool that has been applied to these cancers hasn’t been very effective, and that is where this could be really useful,” Dr. Mark Roschewski, clinical director of the Lymphoid Malignancies Branch of the Center for Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute, told NBC News.
According to Roschewski, being able to create a test that produces 100 percent specificity — meaning no false positives — rather than the PanSeer’s 96 percent, is an important trait that any cancer blood test that hits the market should provide.
“People without disease need to test negative,” he said. “The last thing you want to do is take someone who is completely healthy and put them through a series of tests and the stress of being told they have cancer when they don’t.”
Roschewski also warned that just because cancer is detected at a very early stage, it may not necessarily be able to be treated at the time of diagnosis, while other slow-growing types of cancer may not require treatment for years.
Klein noted that it’s also important for patients to understand that PanSeer and its competitors are first generation tests that will not always detect every type of cancer the tools are said to detect.
“But this is validation that the approach has real substance and, as the understanding of the technology advances, we will make a real dent in cancer mortality using this approach,” Klein said. “It’s fundamentally different technology, and a different way of searching for cancer than we’ve ever had in the past.”
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Kaitlin Sullivan
Kaitlin Sullivan is a contributor for NBCNews.com and has worked with NBC News Investigations. She reports on health, science and the environment and is a graduate of the Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at CUNY.
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]]>The post Mississippi closer to removing Confederate battle emblem from state flag appeared first on Virus Reports.
]]>Mississippi came closer to changing its state flag Saturday when more than two-thirds of the state Legislature voted to suspend rules to allow a vote on removing the Confederate battle emblem from its design.
For the first time Gov. Tate Reeves, a Republican, said he would sign a bill to change the flag. He previously said he wouldn’t veto the bill and had expressed that voters should decide whether to change the flag.
“The argument over the 1894 flag has become as divisive as the flag itself and it’s time to end it,” he said in a statement posted to Twitter. “ If they send me a bill this weekend, I will sign it.”
NORTH CAROLINA REMOVES CONFEDERATE STATUE’S PILLAR NEAR STATEHOUSE AFTER 125 YEARS
“For economic prosperity and for a better future for my kids and yours, we must find a way to come together. To heal our wounds, to forgive, to resolve that the page has been turned, to trust each other. With God’s help, we can,” he added.
Don Hartness of Ellisville, walks around the Capitol carrying the current Mississippi state flag and the American flag, Saturday, June 27, 2020, in Jackson, Miss. (Associated Press)
The flag, which has been controversial for years, is being reexamined for its ties to racism as America scrutinizes historical symbols, including statues and names of buildings, amid racial equality protests.
Supporters of a change include Bertram Hayes-Davis, a descendant of Confederate President Jefferson Davis.
“The battle flag is a historic symbol of a conflict and should be appropriately displayed in museums as such,” Hayes-Davis, 66, told Newsweek last week. “But it isn’t something that I think demands any public display.”
“The battle flag is a historic symbol of a conflict and should be appropriately displayed in museums as such. But it isn’t something that I think demands any public display.”
— Bertram Hayes-Davis, a descendant of Confederate President Jefferson Davis.
‘CIVIL WAR’ DOCUMENTARY PRODUCER KEN BURNS SAYS CONFEDERATE STATUES SHOULD COME DOWN
Debate on the bill can start Sunday and lawmakers could vote to remove the emblem then.
“The eyes of the state, the nation and indeed the world are on this House,” state Rep. Jason White, Republican speaker pro tempore, said in the state House on Saturday. “I know there are many good people who … believe that this flag is a symbol of our Southern pride and heritage, but for most people throughout our nation and the world, they see that flag and think that it stands for hatred and oppression.”
Members of the Mississippi Senate gallery rise and applaud after the body passed a resolution that would suspend the rules to allow lawmakers to change the state flag, Saturday, June 27, 2020 at the Capitol in Jackson, Miss. (Associated Press)
Under the bill, a flag committee would create a new design that includes “In God we trust” potentially as part of the official state seal, according to FOX 40 in Jackson, Miss.
Mississippi state Sen. Sarita Simmons, D-Cleveland, left, hugs Republican Sen. Brice Wiggins, of Pascagoula, center, and Jeremy England, of Vancleave, following the body passing a resolution that would allow lawmakers to change the state flag Saturday, June 27, 2020, at the Capitol in Jackson, Miss. (Associated Press)
AUNT JEMIMA CHANGING NAME, REMOVING IMAGE ‘BASED ON A RACIAL STEREOTYPE’ FROM PACKAGING
State Rep. Chris Brown, a Republican, said he thinks both the current and proposed design should appear on the ballot for voters.
“I don’t think we can move forward together if we say, ‘You can have any flag you want except … this one,'” Brown said. “If we put the current flag on the ballot with another good design, the people of Mississippi will change it. … Let’s not steal their joy.”
Larry Eubanks of Star waves the current Mississippi state flag as he sits before the front of the Capitol, Saturday, June 27, 2020, in Jackson, Miss. (Associated Press)
In 2001, the last time removing the Confederate symbol from the flag was on the ballot, voters decided to keep it.
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While suspension of the rules required a two-thirds vote, passing the bill needs only a majority.
“I would never have thought that I would see the flag come down in my lifetime,” Democratic state Sen. Barbara Blackmon, who is African-American, said.
The House voted 84-35 and the Senate 36-14 Saturday, according to FOX 40.
The Associated Press and Fox News’ Robert Gearty contributed to this report.
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