{"id":53464,"date":"2020-07-07T13:21:14","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T13:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/virusreports.net\/it-will-consume-your-life-4-families-take-on-rare-diseases\/"},"modified":"2020-07-07T13:21:14","modified_gmt":"2020-07-07T13:21:14","slug":"it-will-consume-your-life-4-families-take-on-rare-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/virusreports.net\/it-will-consume-your-life-4-families-take-on-rare-diseases\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018It Will Consume Your Life\u2019: 4 Families Take On Rare Diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"<article id=\"story\">\n<section itemprop=\"articleBody\" name=\"articleBody\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>Monica Coenraads had a terrible feeling something was wrong with her 14-month-old baby, Chelsea. She had not learned to walk. She had one word, duck, and then lost it.<\/p>\n<p>During a family vacation to Barbados more than 20 years ago, Chelsea cried the whole time. She bit her parents so hard they bled. She was only happy in the hotel room with the shades drawn.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI got home and said, \u2018That\u2019s it. We have to figure out what is wrong.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>What happened upended Ms. Coenraads\u2019s life.<\/p>\n<p>Chelsea, it turned out, had a rare genetic disease, Rett Syndrome. It\u2019s one of about 7,000 rare or orphan diseases \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-information-consumers\/orphan-products-hope-people-rare-diseases\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">defined in the U.S. as an illness that affects fewer than 200,000 people<\/a> nationwide \u2014 with more such diseases being identified every day. Ninety-five percent of them have no known therapies. They are overlooked by most scientists, and some illnesses may be untreatable, even if they are understood. And what research there was has largely been halted as labs closed in response to coronavirus fears.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>Ms. Coenraads, 57, who lives in Trumbull, Conn., has encouraged research into Rett Syndrome where there had been none, providing hope for her daughter and the small number of people who live with the disease, and showing one way that a determined person can succeed against such odds.<\/p>\n<p>When frantic parents of children with other rare disorders ask how she did it and what they can do, Ms. Coenraads recognizes the fear in their voices.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe have no choice,\u201d she said. \u201cWe are desperate parents. We have children with horrible diseases.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She talks to every parent who calls, but, she said, \u201cI always get off the phone thinking, \u2018You don\u2019t know what you\u2019re up against. It is daunting, and it will consume your life.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>What follows are the stories of Ms. Coenraads and three people who have succeeded in promoting research on uncommon diseases, but in very different ways.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-CHELSEA-4\/merlin_164597685_b8ca92e4-a326-4334-a323-c4e0a0273845-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<picture><source media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" ><\/source><source media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" ><\/source><source media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" ><\/source><img alt=\" \u201cWe have no choice,\u201d Ms. Coenraads said, pictured with Chelsea. \u201cWe are desperate parents. We have children with horrible diseases.\u201d  \" decoding=\"async\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-CHELSEA-4\/merlin_164597685_b8ca92e4-a326-4334-a323-c4e0a0273845-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&#038;auto=webp&#038;disable=upscale\" itemprop=\"url\"  src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-CHELSEA-4\/merlin_164597685_b8ca92e4-a326-4334-a323-c4e0a0273845-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&#038;auto=webp&#038;disable=upscale\" ><\/img><\/picture><\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\"> \u201cWe have no choice,\u201d Ms. Coenraads said, pictured with Chelsea. \u201cWe are desperate parents. We have children with horrible diseases.\u201d  <\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>Monica Jorge for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-CHELSEA-1\/merlin_164597517_261d9c56-eb5d-4532-acbf-0a879877e412-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\">Photos of Chelsea as a baby undergoing testing. Rett Syndrome destroys a child\u2019s abilities to walk, talk, eat and even breathe easily.<\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>Monica Jorge for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RAREDISEASES-CHELSEA-5\/merlin_164597505_28675013-06dd-4893-9f95-5a1260b6fc7c-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\">Materials for the Rett Syndrome Research Trust that Ms. Coenraads founded to help find treatments for her daughter.<\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>Monica Jorge for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"link-7b78267c\">\u2018Single-Minded Advocacy\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Ms. Coenraads is not extraordinarily wealthy and had no science background when she started searching for help for Chelsea, who is now 23. She ran a small Italian restaurant in Stamford, Conn., but sold it when she was pregnant with Chelsea, intending to be a full-time mother for a year or two.<\/p>\n<p>She was, and then some.<\/p>\n<p>The Coenraads had never heard of Rett Syndrome when they received that diagnosis for Chelsea, at age 2. It is a neurological disorder caused by a mutated gene on the X chromosome that destroys a child\u2019s abilities to walk, talk, eat and even breathe easily. There was no treatment, no cure. And because it is so rare \u2014 it affects only 1 in 10,000 girls and almost no boys \u2014 it seemed destined to languish as a research curiosity, not something companies would pursue.<\/p>\n<p>Ms. Coenraads refused to accept that situation.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI just had to believe there was hope, and if we could get the right people involved with sufficient funding, we could move therapeutics forward,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>Ms. Coenraads knew she needed money to attract scientists, so she started the Rett Syndrome Research Trust in 2007. It has since raised $70 million, nearly all from private donations and galas with silent and live auctions \u2014 \u201ctypical nonprofit fund-raising,\u201d Ms. Coenraads said.<\/p>\n<p>But money was not enough.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI wasn\u2019t going to sit back and assume research was happening and things would work out,\u201d she said. She wanted to figure out the bottlenecks and what would be needed to move the work forward.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>She began by looking for scientists who knew about Rett and calling them.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEveryone helped,\u201d she said. \u201cEveryone gave me the names of a few others. Within six months, I had a plan.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She explained what was involved:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou have to get up to speed on the science, which is no easy feat,\u201d she said. \u201cAnd after that, you must understand what has been done and, more important, what has to be done.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>If that weren\u2019t daunting enough, she said, \u201cyou have to learn the basics of drug development and how to recruit scientists and companies to work on your disease.\u201d And she cautioned that with academic researchers, \u201cyou have to recognize when a project sure is interesting but isn\u2019t necessarily going to move the needle closer to a cure.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Even after a breakthrough, academics usually are not able to initiate the sort of clinical studies that are needed to show a research discovery can help patients.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNinety-nine percent of the time, the discovery will languish,\u201d she said. \u201cScientists will move on to their next discovery.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Once she had gathered enough academic research, she was able to \u201chit the ground running,\u201d she said, contacting companies and telling them what they wanted to hear: Yes, there was a mouse model of the disease. Yes, there were so-called natural history studies that illustrate what to expect if the disease was not treated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-CHELSEA-2\/merlin_164597535_4c2f0823-e184-4eb9-8b53-3f562ecf925c-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\">Through a tube, Ms. Coenraads feeds Chelsea, who is in a wheelchair, unable to speak, stand, eat or use her hands.<\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>Monica Jorge for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>One scientist, Sir Adrian Bird at the University of Edinburgh, <a href=\"https:\/\/reverserett.org\/about-us\/people\/monica-coenraads\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">described <\/a>Ms. Coenraads\u2019s<a href=\"https:\/\/reverserett.org\/about-us\/people\/monica-coenraads\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\"> work in a ceremony when his university conferred her an honorary degree<\/a>: \u201cFor what started as a tiny charity to inspire world-class research on a disorder that initially languished in obscurity and ignorance, and take it all the way to the brink of clinical application in less than 20 years is an amazing achievement.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He added: \u201cThere is no doubt that it would not have happened without Monica\u2019s single-minded advocacy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>At 23, Chelsea is in a wheelchair, unable to speak, stand, eat or use her hands, and she needs a feeding tube. She has scoliosis and intractable seizures, as well as tight, painful muscles. But Chelsea is aware and loving, Ms. Coenraads said, with, \u201ca beautiful and engaging personality.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The coronavirus has presented new challenges for her care. Because she\u2019s at such high risk, caregivers cannot enter the Coenraads\u2019 home. Ms. Coenraads\u2019s husband, Pieter, who owns a store that sells uniforms and medical scrubs, has to go to work every day so Ms. Coenraads is now on her own to care for Chelsea.<\/p>\n<p>She helps her daughter stretch every day and exercise on a treadmill, using a device that supports her and holds her upright.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt was very hard in the beginning, but we found our rhythm,\u201d Ms. Coenraads said. \u201cNow I can get work done and care for her.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-VALLABH\/merlin_164990097_a549e0e1-ffc7-4239-86fb-556567ea10cf-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\">Sonia Vallabh, right, with her husband, Eric Minikel at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass. They both conduct research on a degenerative brain disease she has.<\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>Monica Jorge for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"link-79f642cf\">She Became Her Own Expert<\/h2>\n<p>Most seeking a cure for a rare genetic disease hope to recruit scientists and companies to do the work. But one determined couple took another route. They went back to school and became scientists themselves.<\/p>\n<p>The journey of Sonia Vallabh, 36, and her husband, Eric Minikel, began in December 2011. She was living in Cambridge, Mass, and had just graduated from Harvard Law School. Her mother died the year before, at age 52, from Gerstmann-Str\u00e4ussler-Scheinker syndrome, a degenerative and uniformly fatal brain disease caused by misfolded prion proteins.<\/p>\n<p>It is estimated that about one to ten out of every 100 million people has G.S.S. Symptoms begin subtly, progressing from clumsiness to an inability to walk and developing slurred speech that eventually inhibits talking. Late stages often result in dementia.<\/p>\n<p>Knowing there was a 50-50 chance, Dr. Vallabh took a genetic test that gave her the bad news that she was going to develop G.S.S., and probably around the same age as her mother.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Vallabh had just started work at a small consulting company, and her husband, now 36, had recently gotten a degree in urban planning from M.I.T. The couple decided they had to learn more. They knew there was no treatment or cure for G.S.S. Was there any promising research?<\/p>\n<p>They realized they didn\u2019t understand enough about the science to ask the right questions.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere was a certain amount of vocabulary needed,\u201d Dr. Vallabh said. \u201cI didn\u2019t want to call people and have them say, \u2018Oh yeah, we\u2019re working on a cure. We will call you in five years.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>She started night classes in molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology and genetics at the Harvard Extension School and audited courses at M.I.T.<\/p>\n<p>Then she decided she needed to see how things were done in a lab. So she got a job as a research technician at Massachusetts General Hospital, quitting her day job as a lawyer. Her husband soon followed, quitting his urban-planning job and starting a position there in bioinformatics.<\/p>\n<p>Soon they decided they had to study prion diseases, so they enrolled as Ph.D. students at Harvard. After receiving their degrees, they were hired at the Broad Institute in Cambridge with a laser focus on finding a treatment that might work in Dr. Vallabh\u2019s lifetime.<\/p>\n<p>They decided their best bet was molecules that can block the production of prion proteins called antisense oligonucleotides. Drugs based on the molecules work in other genetic disorders; they enter the brain by being injected into the spinal fluid, and appear to be safe.<\/p>\n<p>In October 2014, the couple met with Ionis, a small biotechnology firm, to see if the company would develop a prion antisense oligonucleotide.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Vallabh learned from the meeting that the rules are different for rare diseases. For common diseases, companies do the preliminary work. But with rare diseases, \u201cthe burden shifts,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>It is not enough to have data supporting an idea for an effective treatment. Dr. Vallabh and Dr. Minikel had to develop a test to show the drug was working. They had to do studies showing the treatment changed the disease\u2019s course in animals. They had to sign up more than 200 people willing to participate in research or clinical trials. And they had to meet with the Food and Drug Administration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>\u201cWe took on a lot,\u201d Dr. Vallabh said.<\/p>\n<p>But in 2018, Ionis agreed to work toward a clinical trial.<\/p>\n<p>A preparatory step was to recruit and study people who have the gene but do not yet have symptoms and others without the gene. The aim was to see if those with the gene have subtle markers of disease progression. That study began in 2017, but recruitment was suspended in March because of coronavirus.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI believe in the drug. I believe in the strategy,\u201d Dr. Vallabh. And, she said, once the trial starts, \u201cI do think we can get a rigorous answer in a relatively short time frame, within a year.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But is it really feasible for others to take the path Dr. Vallabh and Dr. Minikel took?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI know, I know,\u201d Dr. Vallabh said. \u201cWe are and aren\u2019t all in the same boat. Every disease has its own landscape.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It is almost, but not quite, unheard-of for people with a rare disease mutation to do their own research, Dr. Vallabh said.<\/p>\n<p>People like her, \u201care rare, but not an n of 1,\u201d she adds.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-JAHAN-4\/merlin_164678784_634153d1-36c1-409b-9acc-83171ad77a9b-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\">Neena Nizar with her sons Arshann, 11, left, and Jahan, 9, near their home in Nebraska. All three have a genetic disease so rare only about 30 cases have been reported since 1970.<\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>Kathryn Gamble for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"link-38d47fc4\">\u2018Working Against the Clock\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Neena Nizar, 42, grew up in Dubai knowing something was wrong with her, but unable to find out what. One doctor after another proposed an incorrect diagnosis. She was told she had rickets, then that she had polio. She had a series of useless surgeries.<\/p>\n<p>She eventually learned the diagnosis: Jansen\u2019s metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, a genetic disease so rare only about 30 cases have been reported since it was first described in 1970. Patients have deformed bones, short limbs, small hands with clubbed fingers, dwarfism and a large upper face but a tiny jaw.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>Today, Dr. Nizar has a Ph.D. in educational leadership and lives in Elkhorn, Neb., a suburb of Omaha, where she is married and has two boys, now 11 and 9. Her search for a diagnosis began when she realized her sons, as they were growing up, shared her affliction.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI sent X-rays around the world of my kids and myself,\u201d she said. \u201cI sent them to all of the skeletal dysplasia experts, but no one knew what it was.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She also contacted more than 50 geneticists.<\/p>\n<p>Most didn\u2019t know what their condition was. But a pediatric geneticist in India, Dr. Sheela Nampoothiri, figured it out after taking one look at Dr. Nizar\u2019s sons\u2019 X-rays. She remembered seeing a slide in a medical school class. The professor said he was going to skip right over that slide, the doctor told Dr. Nizar, explaining to students that \u201cyou will never see this.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The doctor sent Dr. Nizar\u2019s DNA for genetic testing. She had chondrodysplasia, and by then, the boys\u2019 bones were already badly bent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-JAHAN-6\/merlin_164678841_d84a25c3-954e-4846-94dc-d54fc029fc76-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\">The boys\u2019 condition, Jansen\u2019s metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, causes deformed bones and short limbs. But certain peptides look promising as possible treatments.<\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>Kathryn Gamble for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-JAHAN-8\/merlin_164678859_b8c18871-663b-436a-8da7-3156cb14d5a0-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\">The coronavirus has shut down research on treatment options.<\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>Kathryn Gamble for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-JAHAN-1\/merlin_164678922_e281e507-cd70-4cd7-bd86-567a2a452c8c-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\">Even after research restarts, though, the tiny foundation their mother founded cannot take on manufacturing a drug.<\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>Kathryn Gamble for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-JAHAN-2\/merlin_164678475_2e048e54-a13a-47f8-8532-f2a189906694-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\">The boys outside their home in Nebraska. \u201cOnce they hit puberty, some of their bones set,\u201d their mother said. \u201cWe are working against the clock.\u201d   <\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>Kathryn Gamble for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>\u201cI knew we had to get the kids treatment,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Harald Jueppner, a pediatric nephrologist at Massachusetts General, was the researcher who first identified the mutation that caused the condition. Dr. Nizar learned that he had been studying the mutated gene, called a PTH\/PTHrP receptor, for 20 years out of scientific interest. But he had never seen a patient. She told him he could now see three \u2014 herself and her two sons.<\/p>\n<p>She also learned that Dr. Jueppner and a colleague, Thomas Gardella, had found in lab experiments that certain peptides, or short chains of amino acids, looked promising as possible treatments for Jansen\u2019s. At that point Dr. Nizar latched onto the researchers, urging them to study the peptides for Jansen\u2019s. They tried one of them in animal experiments. It partially reversed some of the bone abnormalities, Dr. Jeuppner said, but, he added, \u201cremember, this mouse model of Jansen\u2019s is far from being ideal.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Nizar stayed in constant contact with Dr. Jueppner and Dr. Gardella prodding them to not lose sight of the work.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWorking with Neena has been an incredible experience.\u201d Dr. Jueppner said. \u201cShe is a force of nature.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In 2017, Dr. Nizar set up a foundation to support research. But she was not in a good position to fund raise. \u201cWe only had eight patients, and I couldn\u2019t go to GoFundMe. My family and friends are tired of giving me money,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>So Dr. Nizar spoke to experts at conferences hosted by the National Institutes of Health, hoping to find a way to receive research funds. With her enthusiastic prodding, Dr. Jueppner and Dr. Gardella received a grant to study and improve the peptides they\u2019d found as a possible Jansen\u2019s treatment<\/p>\n<p>In 2018, Dr. Nizar asked the F.D.A. for guidance. \u201cThey were surprised we didn\u2019t have a drug company, \u201d she said. \u201cI told the lady at the F.D.A. that, at this point, I am the drug company.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>The researchers at Massachusetts General, she said, \u201chave something we can try, and I want to get it to our kids.\u201d Time is limited, she stressed. \u201cOnce they hit puberty, some of their bones set. We are working against the clock.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The F.D.A. told her and the researchers at Massachusetts General what preclinical data would be required before testing in patients would be allowed.<\/p>\n<p>At the time, Dr. Jueppner estimated that the data might be available in a year or two. But the coronavirus changed all that. The lab shut down on March 20 and is slowly reopening, he said.<\/p>\n<p>If the research does proceed and if all goes well, Dr. Nizar said, she will be faced with a new set of problems.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHow can we make it in the absence of a pharmaceutical company?\u201d she asks. Her tiny foundation certainly cannot manufacture the drug, and no one even holds patent rights.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNo matter how good your science is, you or your scientists can only take it so far,\u201d Dr. Nizar said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-GRACE-2\/merlin_164584095_c73a216a-ba78-4f3d-b46e-aed046b57077-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\">Matt and Kristen Wilsey with their 10-year-old daughter Grace, who has a rare genetic disorder, at the Grace Science headquarters in Menlo Park, Calif.<\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>James Tensuan for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2 id=\"link-4bfae5b3\">Building His Own Company<\/h2>\n<p>Matt Wilsey knew a lot about what it takes for a company to succeed. The 42-year-old tech entrepreneur and investor had a wide array of friends in California\u2019s Silicon Valley. But he never thought he\u2019d have to use his business savvy to try to save his own child.<\/p>\n<p>When Grace Wilsey was born in 2009, Mr. Wilsey and his wife, Kristen, now 39, knew right away she had some problems. She was floppy and did not seem to be alert. She did not develop normally \u2014 she did not sit up, or crawl. She did not learn to walk or talk.<\/p>\n<p>When Grace was three, Mr. and Mrs. Wilsey found out why \u2014 Grace had a genetic disorder so rare only one other child in the world, a little boy in Utah, was known to have it. It was caused by a mutation in a gene, NGLY1, but scientists did not know what that gene did or why a mutation would result in such devastating effects. They didn\u2019t know how the disease would progress or if Grace would die young.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Wilsey sprung into action. He asked Stanford physicians for guidance and was told he needed a foundation with a good advisory committee. Having money is great, they said, but you have to know whom and what to spend it on.<\/p>\n<p>He started a foundation and began cold calling and emailing scientific luminaries, asking if they would talk to him and agree to work on the project. So far, the foundation has raised $9 million, mostly from friends and family.<\/p>\n<p>Carolyn Bertozzi, a chemist at Stanford, was one of his initial recruits.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHe is really good at forming personal relationships,\u201d Dr. Bertozzi said. \u201cThat allowed him to convince total strangers to join his team and work on his cause.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She was also touched by Mr. Wilsey\u2019s story and intrigued by the scientific challenge.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cImagine you are a parent. No one had ever had this diagnosis before, and you have no idea what to expect.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>She was not alone. Mr. Wilsey managed to recruit about 150 eminent scientists as advisers, with some actively working on the research problem. They include Jennifer Doudna, the Crispr gene-editing pioneer; Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, the 2012 Nobel laureate; and Rusty Gage, an expert on nerve development.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-CAROLYN\/merlin_164584185_0139c000-c562-4192-add8-25ca0f6d0908-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\">Carolyn Bertozzi, a chemist at Stanford University who was one of Mr. Wisley\u2019s initial recruits: \u201cImagine you are a parent. No one had ever had this diagnosis before, and you have no idea what to expect.\u201d<\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>James Tensuan for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>Mr. Wilsey understands that it might appear his success is a result of his money and connections. But, he said, they have little to do with it. \u201cMany of the people we work with don\u2019t even receive funding from us,\u201d he said. The \u201cmagic sauce,\u201d he said, is \u201chard work, time and constant relationship building.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In 2017 he also invited patients from around the world to come to Palo Alto for a conference, and 21 families attended. He hopes to repeat the conferences every few years for the growing number of identified NGLY1 patients, now up to 70.<\/p>\n<p>The scientific team finally figured out that the mutated gene controls the way other genes function. Now they hope to develop a treatment \u2014 gene therapy, or anything else that works.<\/p>\n<p>To move along whatever treatment looks promising, Mr. Wilsey and Dr. Bertozzi formed a company, Grace Science, LLC.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Wilsey realizes he has advantages others do not. He and his wife have the luxury of being able to work full time on their project. He has wealthy friends and relatives who donated generously to their foundation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2020\/07\/07\/science\/07SCI-RARE-DISEASES-GRACE-1\/merlin_164584128_5d31450d-80b7-4bb8-b270-f10acfe493c2-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&#038;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\">\n<div>\n<p><span>Image<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption><span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u201cThat\u2019s a constant reminder that the clock is ticking,\u201d Mr. Wilsey said of Grace. \u201cYou really can\u2019t give up.\u201d<\/span><span itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\"><span>Credit&#8230;<\/span><span>James Tensuan for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>And they can afford intensive therapy for Grace, who is now 10 years old. Mr. Wilsey said Grace\u2019s doctors told him his daughter probably is at the level of an 18 month old. But he thinks she understands more than that. She can\u2019t talk, but he thinks she can communicate with her hands and eyes.<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Wilsey knows the disease seems to accelerate once children hit puberty,<em> <\/em>with an increase in seizures and greater risk of aspiration and choking, as well as more sleep disturbances. Children die, although he tries not to think about that.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s a constant reminder that the clock is ticking,\u201d Mr. Wilsey said. \u201cYou really can\u2019t give up. Even if the idea creeps into your mind, you push it right out.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/article>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/07\/07\/health\/rare-diseases.html\" class=\"button purchase\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Monica Coenraads had a terrible feeling something was wrong with her 14-month-old baby, Chelsea. She had not learned to walk. She had one word, duck, and then lost it.During a family vacation to Barbados more than 20 years ago, Chelsea cried the whole time. She bit her parents so hard they bled. She was only&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53465,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[6973,606],"class_list":{"0":"post-53464","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-health","8":"tag-consume","9":"tag-families"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u2018It Will Consume Your Life\u2019: 4 Families Take On Rare Diseases - Virus Reports<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/virusreports.net\/it-will-consume-your-life-4-families-take-on-rare-diseases\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018It Will Consume Your Life\u2019: 4 Families Take On Rare Diseases - Virus Reports\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Monica Coenraads had a terrible feeling something was wrong with her 14-month-old baby, Chelsea. 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She had not learned to walk. She had one word, duck, and then lost it.During a family vacation to Barbados more than 20 years ago, Chelsea cried the whole time. She bit her parents so hard they bled. 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