{"id":30472,"date":"2020-05-14T05:22:46","date_gmt":"2020-05-14T05:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/virusreports.net\/covid-19-test-breakdown-antibody-vs-pcr-testing\/"},"modified":"2020-05-14T05:22:46","modified_gmt":"2020-05-14T05:22:46","slug":"covid-19-test-breakdown-antibody-vs-pcr-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/virusreports.net\/covid-19-test-breakdown-antibody-vs-pcr-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 test breakdown: Antibody vs. PCR testing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-pb-curated=\"curated\" data-pb-id=\"unnamed-feature\" data-pb-name=\"Article Body (Elements)\" id=\"f0yDbPJg5fiEHr\">\n<div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p data-item-id=\"depth_scroll_top\" data-item-number=\"top\" data-item-type=\"depthscroll\" data-page=\"1\"> The rapid spread of COVID-19 has launched a flurry of new tests for the highly contagious virus, as researchers and medical providers race to track and understand the pandemic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> Yet Illinois \u2014 like most of the country \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ct-cb-coronavirus-covid-testing-questions-answered-20200328-wrhi22tsjvbm5gyfjycb6gpvp4-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lagged in testing<\/a> for much of March and April, though more testing has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ct-coronavirus-illinois-20200508-djvfgqgpz5atneucxp3k26elu4-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ramping up<\/a> across the state.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> Most of the testing done by hospitals and medical providers determines whether a patient has an active COVID-19 infection. Currently, the most reliable way to do that is with PCR testing, which detects trace amounts of the virus in specimens collected from the nose, throat or saliva.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> This comes in various forms:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>Nasal or throat swab tests<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>Mid-February: <\/b>Illinois became the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/ct-coronavirus-first-state-to-test-illinois-20200211-65tlopwjijfelmzyebfvk55gku-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first state<\/a> to test for coronavirus in this manner. Those kits worked, but over the next several weeks many other states reported an initial round of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/02\/12\/health\/coronavirus-test-kits-cdc.html\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">faulty test kits<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>February: <\/b>When the virus was starting to spread across the country, the U.S. was processing only <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/c335958b1f8f6a37b19b421bc7759722\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">about a dozen tests a day<\/a>, according to data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Those early testing glitches were called \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-51860529\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a failing<\/a>\u201d by Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation\u2019s top infectious disease expert.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>Early March:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefings-statements\/remarks-president-trump-tour-centers-disease-control-prevention-atlanta-ga\/\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">President Donald Trump<\/a> declared that \u201canybody that wants a test can get a test.\u201d Yet Illinois officials and medical providers reported a severe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ct-coronavirus-testing-suspended-advocate-hospitals-20200320-2kt3g6s3dnho3ctiffx2apg3ky-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">shortage of test kits<\/a> and required materials \u2014 particularly swabs and chemical reagents \u2014 because of supply chain problems.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>Mid-March:<\/b> Initially the Illinois Department of Public Health severely <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ct-coronavirus-testing-illinois--20200317-yenasnxqlfg7hkscouggd6gdv4-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">restricted testing<\/a> to the most at-risk patients and required a doctor\u2019s order, citing a national shortage of test kits and supplies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>Late March:<\/b> Many patients locally and across the country began reporting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ct-coronavirus-test-results-delay-20200327-24xzphkexrcyjfu5oosdjw7sou-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lengthy test result delays<\/a>, with some experiencing wait times as long as two weeks, because of backlogs at labs and a shortage of technicians who process the tests.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>March 29:<\/b> Gov. J.B. Pritzker sets a statewide goal of performing 10,000 tests a day to fight the pandemic. Though testing does increase, it will take weeks to reach that bar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>March 29:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ct-coronavirus-abbott-new-fast-test-20200328-e3zv2relprdxnc2dveduytsiga-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abbott Laboratories<\/a> in north suburban Lake Bluff announced development of a new rapid COVID-19 test that could produce results in as little as five minutes \u2014 the fastest turnaround available.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>April 16:<\/b> Pritzker <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ct-coronavirus-regional-reopening-states-20200416-5cw7x5tkrbesdh6tpx2kwnxebq-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">widened testing <\/a>to any patients with COVID-19 symptoms, even without a previously required doctor\u2019s order; he also announced a massive expansion of testing in Illinois, saying test kit materials had been secured and supply chain problems resolved.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>April 24: <\/b>Illinois for the first time <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ct-coronavirus-illinois-testing-20200424-athbju5d7zhp7lw5b5bpa3orhy-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">exceeds Prtizker\u2019s goal<\/a> of 10,000 daily tests, performing more than 16,000 tests in a 24-hour period.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> This approach doesn\u2019t require nasal swabs, which have been short supply during the pandemic. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>April 24:<\/b> A study led by the Yale School of Public Health concluded that saliva samples \u201cprovided greater detection sensitivity and consistency\u201d than the nasopharyngeal testing approach, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/news.yale.edu\/2020\/04\/24\/saliva-samples-preferable-deep-nasal-swabs-testing-covid-19\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Yale news release<\/a>. Researchers called for further validation of their findings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> The first in-home test allowed self-collection of a sample from the patient\u2019s nose using a nasal swab and saline solution. The patient then mails the sample in an insulated package for processing, the FDA said in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-first-test-patient-home-sample-collection\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">news release<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> These self-collection kits were initially available only to health care workers and first responders, but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/health-coronavirus-laboratory-corp\/labcorp-expands-availability-of-at-home-sample-collection-kit-for-covid-19-testing-idUSL4N2CU2X5\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">access was widened<\/a> in mid-May.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> The first<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/05\/08\/us\/covid-19-at-home-saliva-test\/index.html\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> at-home saliva test <\/a>was approved for emergency use in May, where patients send in self-collected spit samples.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p data-page=\"2\"> <b>April 21:<\/b> The FDA granted emergency clearance for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pixel.labcorp.com\/blog\/introducing-self-collection-kits-covid-19-testing\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">first at-home<\/a> coronavirus test by LabCorp, based in North Carolina, which allows self-collection of a sample with a nasal swab.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>May 8:<\/b> The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-first-diagnostic-test-using-home-collection-saliva\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FDA <\/a>issued an emergency use authorization for the first at-home COVID-19 test using self-collected saliva samples.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> Although scientists and medical experts say these tests are critical to learning who has the virus, none of these approaches is foolproof. For example, if enough of the virus isn\u2019t present in the saliva or nasal\/throat sample, the result can be a false negative.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> The CDC also cautions that testing negative for COVID-19 doesn\u2019t mean the person won\u2019t get sick. \u201cIt is possible that you were very early in your infection when your specimen was collected and that you could test positive later,\u201d according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/symptoms-testing\/testing.html\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CDC website<\/a>. \u201cOr you could be exposed later and then develop illness.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> In the case of nasal and throat samples, the nation for weeks has grappled with a dearth of test kits, swabs, chemical reagents and other supplies required to perform and process these tests. Many of these tests need to be processed by labs; some have reported a shortage of lab technicians, leading to a bottleneck of tests and lengthy delays for results.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> There\u2019s also antibody testing, sometimes called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ct-coronavirus-antibody-test-20200403-i6wzmddt5zffpeqgk4xbwmkbmy-story.html\">serology testing<\/a>. Instead of detecting the actual virus, this test looks for blood proteins called antibodies that are produced while the body fights an infection. A positive result means the patient was infected at some point with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> Researchers say antibody testing of large populations can give crucial information about the virus, like how prevalent the virus really is, how many people contract COVID-19 without experiencing symptoms and whether survivors have immunity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>April 2:<\/b> The FDA gives emergency-use approval to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/04\/02\/health\/coronavirus-antibody-test.html\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">first antibody test<\/a>. Several others have since been approved.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>April 24:<\/b> Though some local medical providers have been offering antibody testing, Pritzker said the state won\u2019t be pushing for it yet because of concerns over accuracy. \u201cWe\u2019re craving answers in an uncertain time and antibody tests offer the potential for more security,&#8221; he said at a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VsDdEL_NyBY\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">news briefing<\/a>. \u201cBut I\u2019m afraid we\u2019ve seen many of these tests promoted in a way that errs on the side of irresponsible.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>April 29: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2020\/04\/29\/house-investigators-coronavirus-antibody-tests-218806\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Congressional leaders<\/a> including <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CongressmanRaja\/status\/1255874885475336193\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi<\/a> of northwest suburban Schaumburg, launched an investigation into the accuracy of many of the antibody tests that were on the market under an FDA policy that did not require review by the agency.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>May 3: <\/b>Swiss <a href=\"https:\/\/www.roche.com\/media\/releases\/med-cor-2020-05-03.htm\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">drugmaker Roche<\/a> said the FDA granted emergency approval for<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ny-coronavirus-fda-emergency-approval-antibody-test-roche-20200503-2xsz7rmhyzfsdfaoiwwgdxctgu-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> its antibody test<\/a>, which it claims is 100% accurate in detecting antibodies and 99.8% accurate in determining the absence of antibodies; the company said the test draws blood intravenously, which is more accurate than other ways of drawing blood. Several other companies have also received FDA approval for their antibody tests.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>May 4:<\/b> The <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/238af56283754cd19d1966ff1681f5ae\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FDA announced<\/a> stricter rules for antibody tests; manufacturers must now show data indicating their tests are accurate and apply for emergency use authorization within 10 days of going on the market.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <b>Drawbacks of antibody testing<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> Some physicians and lawmakers have expressed concerns about the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ct-coronavirus-antibody-testing-update-20200414-2cbikei4ezeqzgopinufi7gyna-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">accuracy <\/a>of certain types of antibody tests, and the nation\u2019s top physicians are working to<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ct-nw-anthony-fauci-reopen-economy-20200414-towhktdgt5b75ohjjalbdowuxi-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> validate serology tests<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> Because it can take days to two weeks after infection with COVID-19 for a patient to develop antibodies; the test might not detect antibodies even in an infected patient, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/lab\/serology-testing.html\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the CDC<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> \u201cAntibody tests should not be used as the only way to diagnose someone as being currently sick with COVID-19,\u201d the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/testing\/serology-overview.html\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CDC says<\/a> on its website.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<p> <i>The Associated Press contributed.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"text\">\n<div>\n<p data-item-id=\"depth_scroll_bottom\" data-item-number=\"bottom\" data-item-type=\"depthscroll\"> <i>Diagram sources: CDC, Cleveland Clinic, Northwestern, BioMedomics, Spectrum Solutions, Chicago Tribune reporting<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/coronavirus\/ct-coronavirus-test-antibody-pcr-20200513-scn5fwdppzfobghl6mz5ro5j5i-htmlstory.html\" class=\"button purchase\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The rapid spread of COVID-19 has launched a flurry of new tests for the highly contagious virus, as researchers and medical providers race to track and understand the pandemic. Yet Illinois \u2014 like most of the country \u2014 lagged in testing for much of March and April, though more testing has been ramping up across&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[1137,3],"class_list":{"0":"post-30472","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-health","8":"tag-breakdown","9":"tag-covid"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>COVID-19 test breakdown: Antibody vs. PCR testing - Virus Reports<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/virusreports.net\/covid-19-test-breakdown-antibody-vs-pcr-testing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"COVID-19 test breakdown: Antibody vs. PCR testing - Virus Reports\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The rapid spread of COVID-19 has launched a flurry of new tests for the highly contagious virus, as researchers and medical providers race to track and understand the pandemic. 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