{"id":52985,"date":"2020-07-06T12:22:18","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T12:22:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/virusreports.net\/at-arlington-cemetery-a-confederate-monument-to-the-south-and-slavery-still-stands\/"},"modified":"2020-07-06T12:22:18","modified_gmt":"2020-07-06T12:22:18","slug":"at-arlington-cemetery-a-confederate-monument-to-the-south-and-slavery-still-stands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/virusreports.net\/at-arlington-cemetery-a-confederate-monument-to-the-south-and-slavery-still-stands\/","title":{"rendered":"At Arlington Cemetery, a Confederate monument to the South and slavery still stands"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<section>\n<p>Marmaduke is one of four Confederates buried at the base of the section\u2019s towering centerpiece: a 32-foot-high bronze monument of a white female figure with a frieze below depicting an enslaved black woman \u2014 a \u201cMammy,\u201d according to the cemetery \u2014 clutching the infant of a white soldier.<\/p>\n<p>McCormick, now 36, was appalled. \u201cI do remember that feeling of shame, deep, physical shame in my heart,\u201d said McCormick, a brand strategy consultant based in London. \u201cThe monument, unequivocally, should be gone.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>But her father, James McCormick, a 73-year-old commercial and residential real estate developer, does not agree. Instead of removing the memorial, he said, \u201cI wonder whether we might not end up with a more enduring lesson for the nation if we added a very substantial plaque adjacent to the Arlington monument so the public can look at its friezes, which in some cases are horrifying, but in others, just examples of how a nation praised a moment.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Confederate memorials have been under attack since hundreds of white supremacists descended on Charlottesville in 2017 to protest the removal of a statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee \u2014 a gathering that ended with one counterprotester dead and dozens of others wounded.<\/p>\n<p>The fervor has intensified since George Floyd stopped breathing beneath the knee of a white Minneapolis police officer, with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/graphics\/2020\/national\/confederate-monuments\/?itid=lk_inline_manual_12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than two dozen Confederate memorials removed<\/a> by local authorities or yanked down by protesters. On Wednesday, Richmond removed a statue of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/local\/virginia-politics\/richmond-stonewall-jackson\/2020\/07\/01\/749b3ae8-bbc5-11ea-bdaf-a129f921026f_story.html?itid=lk_inline_manual_12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gen. Stonewall Jackson<\/a> on Monument Avenue in the former capital of the Confederacy.<\/p>\n<p>For those with rebel relatives buried at Arlington Cemetery, closed to the public except for family pass holders and funeral attendees since March, the news stories about Confederate statues coming down have triggered opposing reactions: Some descendants worry the monument at the nation\u2019s most prestigious burial ground will be carted away; others hope that\u2019s exactly what will happen.<\/p>\n<p>The cemetery\u2019s superintendent, Charles \u201cRay\u201d Alexander Jr., said in a statement that neither he nor the cemetery\u2019s executive director, Karen Durham-Aguilera, has any authority over the memorial. He said the cemetery would follow the Pentagon\u2019s orders. An Army spokeswoman said the military branch \u201cis working with the Defense Department on guidance for display of divisive symbols\u201d and \u201cany review would include this memorial.\u201d But <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/nation\/2020\/07\/01\/confederate-military-base-renaming-trump\/?itid=lk_inline_manual_17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">President Trump <\/a>has denounced the removal of Confederate memorials and vowed to veto this year\u2019s proposed $740 billion defense bill if it includes an amendment to rename 10 bases named after Confederate generals.<\/p>\n<p>Not even the descendants of the sculptor who made Arlington\u2019s Confederate memorial \u2014 Moses Ezekiel, a Confederate soldier buried at the base of his artwork \u2014 say they believe the monument should remain. After The Washington Post <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/local\/virginia-politics\/confederate-memorial-in-arlington-honoring-rebels-on-nations-sacred-ground\/2017\/08\/17\/d2be2576-80be-11e7-ab27-1a21a8e006ab_story.html?itid=lk_inline_manual_19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published an article<\/a> about the monument following the violence in Charlottesville, nearly two dozen members of the extended Ezekiel family <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/local\/virginia-politics\/descendants-of-rebel-sculptor-remove-confederate-memorial-from-arlington-national-cemetery\/2017\/08\/18\/d4da6a3e-842b-11e7-ab27-1a21a8e006ab_story.html?itid=lk_inline_manual_19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sent a letter to The Post<\/a> calling for its transfer to a museum \u201cthat makes clear its oppressive history.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Micki McElya, author of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/0674237420?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=thewaspos09-20&#038;camp=1789&#038;linkCode=xm2&#038;creativeASIN=0674237420\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 2017 Pulitzer Prize finalist book on the cemetery\u2019s history, <\/a>agrees the Confederate monument should be removed. In its place, she suggested panels that chronicle Section 16\u2032s origins and explain the monument\u2019s celebration of white supremacy.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe monument is a very aggressive attempt to present a Lost Cause and pro-Confederate version of the Civil War,\u201d McElya said. \u201cThe narrative is so toxic and so representative of the many facets of violence against black people and black histories in this country. The act of removing the monument would be the act of the nation saying this is a lie about the past and this lie about the past reinforces contemporary inequalities that don\u2019t have a place in this field of honor.\u201d <\/p>\n<p><h3>\u2018In the spirit of fraternity\u2019<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>Arlington exists because of the Civil War. Union authorities seized the property from Lee and his wife, Mary Custis Lee, in May 1861, and the site was established as a Civil War burial ground in 1864. After the war, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arlingtontours.com\/civil-war-confederate-soldiers-arlington#:~:text=Confederate%20Memorial&#038;text=Not%20too%20far%20from%20the,Soldiers%20were%20recognized%20at%20Arlington.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">many Confederate families were barred <\/a>from entering the property to visit loved ones buried there.<\/p>\n<p>Determined to bring back the remains of their husbands and sons, groups of Southern women mobilized to gather the dead from Arlington and other cemeteries and battlefields so the bodies could be interred in the South. They wanted nothing to do with Arlington.<\/p>\n<p>By the end of the 1898 Spanish-American War, though, when former Confederate and Union soldiers fought and died side-by-side, reconciliation became the paramount concern. President William McKinley promised in a speech in Atlanta that \u201cthe time has now come \u2026 when in the spirit of fraternity we should share with you in the care of the graves of Confederate soldiers.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Soon, Confederate veterans demanded their brethren be exhumed and reinterred in a special section exclusively for Confederate veterans, according to Robert M. Poole\u2019s book \u201cOn Hallowed Ground.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Congress quickly passed the legislation, and the president signed the law on June 6, 1900.<\/p>\n<p>For the first time, the Confederate dead would enjoy the same honors as their Union counterparts: a marble or granite headstone 36 inches high, 10 inches wide and 4 inches thick. But with one difference: Instead of their headstones being rounded at the top, each marker would be pointed in the center.<\/p>\n<p>One other distinction: Rather than being arrayed in long lines, the Confederate tombstones would be ringed in concentric circles around a central point, the eventual site of Ezekiel\u2019s 32-foot monument.<\/p>\n<p>By 1901, the first Confederates were laid to rest in Section 16. Years later, the United Daughters of the Confederacy, which was in charge of selecting a memorial, initially considered a monument honoring Lee, who died in 1870.<\/p>\n<p>But when the women chose Ezekiel, a Richmond native and Virginia Military Institute graduate, as the sculptor, they abandoned a Lee memorial.<\/p>\n<p>Ezekiel, who had a studio in Rome, was given free rein. The monument\u2019s centerpiece \u2014 a woman dressed in classical attire clad in an olive wreath, leaning on a plow and hook \u2014 was meant to symbolize the South. Below her sits a frieze featuring life-size figures of the South, including soldiers bravely facing battle. The most inflammatory section: two depictions of black people, one of an enslaved black man faithfully following his master into war and another of an enslaved black woman holding a Confederate soldier\u2019s white infant boy.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe statue is particularly egregious because it\u2019s trying to show that black enslaved people were complicit in the Confederacy \u2014 and in their own enslavement,\u201d said Judith Ezekiel, a professor emeritus at Wright State University in Ohio who is a member of the sculptor\u2019s extended family and co-authored the letter three years ago asking for the statue\u2019s removal.<\/p>\n<p>On June 4, 1914, Ezekiel\u2019s monument was unveiled in a rainy ceremony presided by President Woodrow Wilson, whose administration was segregating the federal civil service and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/11\/24\/opinion\/what-woodrow-wilson-cost-my-grandfather.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rooting out black people from managerial roles<\/a>. (Wilson\u2019s alma mater, Princeton University, which he led as its 13th president, just <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2020\/06\/27\/i-opposed-taking-woodrow-wilsons-name-off-our-school-heres-why-i-changed-my-mind\/?itid=lk_inline_manual_43\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared him a racist<\/a> and removed his name from its prominent public policy school and one of its residential dormitories.)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI am not so much happy as proud to participate in this capacity on such an occasion; proud that I should represent such a people,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/historyofarlingt00herb\/page\/70\/mode\/2up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wilson said<\/a>. \u201cThis chapter in the history of the United States is now closed.\u201d <\/p>\n<p><h3>\u2018That history is alive and well\u2019<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>Even though the Confederacy fought to maintain slavery and protect slaveholders, many descendants of Confederate veterans buried in Section 16 say they don\u2019t believe the monument\u2019s cause is racist and they think it should stay.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBefore anyone pulls down the statue in Arlington, I would stand in front of the monument to protect it. That\u2019s what a lot of other people would do, too,\u201d said Armand Vasco, 74, a retired Veterans Affairs administrator and a great-grandson of Francis \u201cMockingbird\u201d Angelo, a Confederate soldier buried in Section 16.<\/p>\n<p>At 19, Angelo ran away from college in Missouri to join the Confederate Army in Richmond, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newspapers.com\/image\/618606173\/?article=b14f27f5-01cc-4413-b097-771f773fe2a8&#038;focus=0.26386422,0.030935079,0.5003794,0.19632615&#038;xid=2378&#038;_ga=2.137810424.975602406.1592245015-402984646.1586443654\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to his obituary<\/a>. He became a scout in Mosby\u2019s Rangers, a group of Confederate guerrilla fighters who captured enemies and raided Union supplies, largely in Loudoun and Fauquier counties. After the war, he worked for three decades at the Agriculture Department. He died in 1928 at his home in Clarendon, Va., at the age of 87.<\/p>\n<p>Vasco, a Vietnam War veteran who visits Arlington twice a year from his Tennessee home, said the protests against Confederate monuments sweeping the country alarmed him.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen they started talking about taking down the monuments in Richmond, I told my wife, \u2018The next thing you know, they\u2019ll take down the statue in Arlington,\u2019 \u201d said Vasco, who added that people pelted him with eggs and rotten tomatoes after he served at an Air Force base in Danang, Vietnam. \u201cYou can\u2019t erase history.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Cynthia \u201cRicki\u201d McKinney, 66, who lives in southwestern Virginia, also believes Section 16 is sacred ground and the monument should remain. Her great-grandfather\u2019s brother was <a href=\"https:\/\/search.ancestry.com\/cgi-bin\/sse.dll?indiv=1&#038;dbid=1138&#038;h=5372198&#038;ssrc=pt&#038;tid=100864694&#038;pid=320006005210&#038;usePUB=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Samuel Moomaw<\/a>, a private in the Confederate Army\u2019s 7th Regiment Virginia Cavalry who died in his mid-20s in 1863. She cares so much about her ancestor\u2019s grave in Section 16 that when she discovered several years ago the headstone misspelled his last name as \u201cMoorman,\u201d she forced Arlington to fix it.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI am not proud of the fact that he fought for the Confederacy. My family would not be proud of me for saying that,\u201d McKinney said. \u201cBut in honor of what he did, what he was willing to do, he should be respected. He was a man doing what he thought was right. He had no slaves.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>The McCormick family, though, is still reckoning with the legacy of its ancestor, Henry Marmaduke, a Confederate naval captain buried in Section 16. His father, Meredith Marmaduke, and brother John Marmaduke were governors of Missouri.<\/p>\n<p>Although Meredith Marmaduke owned at one point more than two dozen enslaved people, he considered himself a Unionist, against the wishes of his Confederate children. James McCormick, his great-great-great-grandson, said a similar schism is playing out again in their family. McCormick, who lives in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles, believes the monument overlooking Henry Marmaduke\u2019s headstone at Arlington Cemetery should remain, the exact opposite stance of Cary McCormick, his daughter.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTaking down the monument is not tantamount to erasing history,\u201d she said. \u201cThat history is alive and well. I would like to see actual black voices \u2014 descendants of enslaved people \u2014 having a say about what goes in place of the monument or if anything at all. It can\u2019t be a unilaterally white conversation.\u201d <\/p>\n<p><b>Read more Retropolis:<\/b><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/history\/2020\/07\/05\/arlington-cemetery-confederate-monument-slavery\/\" class=\"button purchase\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Marmaduke is one of four Confederates buried at the base of the section\u2019s towering centerpiece: a 32-foot-high bronze monument of a white female figure with a frieze below depicting an enslaved black woman \u2014 a \u201cMammy,\u201d according to the cemetery \u2014 clutching the infant of a white soldier.McCormick, now 36, was appalled. \u201cI do remember&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":52986,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[3997,1527],"class_list":{"0":"post-52985","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-news","8":"tag-arlington","9":"tag-cemetery"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - 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